Disability Discrimination - 2657 Words

Disability Discrimination Act 1995 in the workplace and its effect on employment Introduction The act was introduced with the view to eliminate discrimination amongst disabled people in employment, throughout the assignment I will critically analyse the different areas of the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 and find out what effect they have had on disabled people in employment. Definition of disability A disabled person is someone who has a physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long term adverse effect on their ability to carry out normal day to day activities (section 1 (1) DDA 1995). The disability discrimination act 1995 was introduced to outlaw discrimination against disabled employees in the UK and covers†¦show more content†¦By taking these steps the employer could be sure they have done all they can for the employee and safeguard themselves from any legal action as their dismissal would be justified. Disability related discrimination Section 3A(1) of the Disability Discrimination Act states that an employer discriminates against a disabled person if the discrimination is related to the persons disability or if the treatment they receive differs from the treatment of persons without a disability unless the employer can actually justify the less favourable treatment. In Jones v Post office (2001) Mr Jones worked as a driver for the postal service when he developed diabetes. After discovering his disability Mr Jones’s employers removed him from his driving duties for health and safety issues, as their policy was that any drivers receiving insulin treatment should not carry on in their existing role in case they suffered a hypo attack whilst driving. After reviewing their decision they allowed Mr Jones to return back to his driving duties limiting his driving hours to two hours in any twenty four. Mr Jones was unhappy at this decision and went to the Employment tribunal who accepted Mr Jones’s claim of disability discrimination on the basis that the limiting his driving hours was not justified. The tribunalShow MoreRelatedDiscrimination Of Individuals With Disabilities1360 Words   |  6 Pages Discrimination of Individuals with Disabilities in the Nonprofit Sector E. Isabelle Barbancourt Florida Atlantic University Abstract Although the topic of discrimination has been covered in various settings, there is still a need to do more research on discrimination that affect people who have disabilities in order to effectively educate and prevent discrimination workplace settings. This research will explore the prevalence of discrimination in nonprofit organizations and organizational costsRead MoreDisability Discrimination In The Workplace1439 Words   |  6 PagesOver the years, the workplace has experienced several instances of discrimination. In attempt to stop the discrimination, Title VII was passed. Although Title VII helped employers in terms of race, color, gender, religion and national origin, those who had disabilities continued to face the frustration of disability barriers in the workplace, given disability was not one of the listed protected classes. Employers abstained from hiring the disabled in fear of them not being able to perform at theRead MoreComplaint Of Discrimination Based On Disability849 Words   |  4 PagesThis letter is written to respond to your complaint of discrimination based on disability that was received on August 20, 2014. Your complaint written on behalf of your mother who is a client of the Portland West Aging Services Program asserts that your mother has been discriminated against by her caseworker when her caseworker told you that your mother’s services would be different if she were not schizophrenic. Your mother’s Client Assessment and Planning System (CA/PS) assessment was completedRead MoreDisability Discrimination : Disabled People With Disabilities1686 Words   |  7 PagesFaris English IV 16 May 2017 Disability Discrimination In 2010, 19% of the U.S. population had a disability (â€Å"Nearly 1 in 5 People Have a Disability in the U.S., Census Bureau Reports†) and there is no doubt that today, in 2017, that number has increased. The first act that protected the civil rights of people with disabilities was not passed until 1973 (â€Å"What U.S. federal legislation protects the rights of students with disabilities?†). In 2015, there were 26,968 disability cases received by the EEOCRead MoreThe Discrimination Of People With Disabilities Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesOne big issue is the discrimination of people with disabilities. Abelism is an ongoing issue in the world today, which can happen in many places. Through the concepts of stereotypes, social environment, pain, minority groups, health beliefs, people with disabilities are constantly being discriminated in the world which is a big problem looking at it from a sociological view. One of the biggest issues we have in the world is the i ssue of abelism in the workplace. Discrimination is the â€Å"unequal treatmentRead MoreEssay on Disability Discrimination Act1408 Words   |  6 PagesDisability Discrimination Act This act was passed in 1995. The disability act protects disabled people in: * Employment * Access to goods, facilities and services * The management, buying or renting of land or property * Education The DDA covers a disability which people: * Have now, * Had in the past (for example: a past episode of mental illness), * May have in the future (e.g.: a family history of a disability whichRead MoreDiscrimination Against People With Disabilities1729 Words   |  7 Pages People with Disabilities Mental and physical disabilities are often not well understood. With lack of understanding comes discrimination against people with disabilities. However a growing trend of awareness from the media, advocate groups and development of legal mechanisms have helped provide justice to these people and continues to improve the situation. 18.5% of Australia’s population (4.2million Australians) has a disability. This is a surprisingly large number, however only about 6% of theRead MoreDisability Discrimination And Americans With Disability Act ( Ada )1983 Words   |  8 Pageshis/her disability in various areas of their lives. Today, discrimination against disability has become a complete law by which a person can sue the other party for being discriminated on any impairment. In the United States, the law is covered by Americans with Disability Act (ADA). The law prevents one party (specifically employers) to discriminate other party (particularly employees) on the basis of their p hysical impairments. The purpose of this paper is to discuss and analyze disability discriminationRead MoreThe People With Disability Will Face Discrimination1347 Words   |  6 Pageswhether it is industry or business, the people with disability will face discrimination. Stereotypical thinking is that people with physical disability cannot do much of work. Even though in this digital and machine world where less physical work required, though the disabled persons find difficulties. Most questionable thing is that, physically disabled persons who are entrepreneurs, they run their own business but they initially had faced discrimination in the professional world even though they haveRead MoreHow Does The National Disability Discrimination Act Define A Disability?1094 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes the National Disability Discrimination Act define a disability? â€Å"The definition of disability’ used in the Act is broad. It includes physical, intellectual, psychiatric, sensory, neurological and learning disabilities. It also includes physical disfigurements and the presence of disease-causing organisms, such as the HIV virus. The Act covers disabilities that people have now, had in the past, may have in the future or which they are believed to have.† What types of disability are recognised

Your Toolbox Of Social Work Skills - 1998 Words

Your toolbox of social work skills What are skills? Others can define skills in several of ways. How I define skills is being able to do things but being very good at it, also to be able to pick up fast on a project that is given to you, or to be proficiency at something that interest a person or a job. Skills mean the ability, coming from one’s knowledge, practice, aptitude, etc., to do something well. My toolbox of social work skills which I use in my field would consist of the PACT Assessment, RAI Juvenile Risk Assessment, Data collected by DYRS, communicate with the clients and also provide counseling and services as needed. With the PACT Assessment the tools I use for this skills is being able to process the probation intakes,†¦show more content†¦Evaluate your practicum mission statement I am place at the DYRS Family Court Liaison Unit. The department mission statement is to effectively represent DSCYF in court proceeding by providing a department perspective resulting in recommendations that are presented in one voice and support positive outcomes for all participants. The mission statement is exactly what is presented in the court. I rate the mission statement as is a five to be an excellent statement. Everything I do in my field is basically everything that the mission statement states. I like how the liaisons advocate for the youth and support the family. One thing that I dislike is sometimes the parents come in with attitudes and the liaison have to compromise with who they are, and I can understand how hard that can be, but it has been done. The Liaison unit represents the Department in juvenile bail proceedings and provides intake services for youth who have been ordered to community supervision by DYRS. This statement is what I have been doing since the first day I started. The client has to fill out the form, and when it comes down to processing the intakes it is hard to read some of the hand writing which can be frustrated at times. I like doing intakes, adding the clients into the system. Good thing about intakes, it barely be more than 5 intakes a day. My field placement is a good experience; I like to hear most of the stories about the clients, because I am amaze by what the children do to putShow MoreRelated Organzational Leadership Essays1653 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand not only the direction they will take, but also the steps to achieve the stated objectives. The vision must be articulated to those that follow. According to Adamchik, â€Å"understanding the mission and vision of the organization and al igning work practices with that mission are other important principles of organizational leadership† (as cited in Webster, n.d., p. 1). True leaders recognize their role is to support the organization in reaching its objectives and fulfill its visions (WebsterRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Children s Learning1164 Words   |  5 Pagesexplorations which are built around the children’s interests and applicable instructive concepts as well. The students are encouraged to work collaboratively, but may also choose to work independently. The children are actively learning all core subjects, while also cultivating interconnected characteristics of development through dramatic play, creative arts, social, emotional, and intellectual interactions. I rely heavily on this philosophy because it promotes the respect for the individuality andRead MoreThe Role Of A Social Worker Or A Case Manager923 Words   |  4 PagesThe role of a Social worker or a Case Manager can be a very challen ging career due to the emotional and unstable working condition of your clients, in addition a Social Working in the Mental Health field is even more difficult because the population is typically unstable. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics a Mental Health Social Worker â€Å"help clients with mental illnesses or addictions. They provide information on services, such as support groups or 12-step programs, to help clients copeRead MoreThe Role Of Skills And Competencies For Today s Professional Manager1244 Words   |  5 PagesREFLECTIVE ESSAY SRUTI KALIDINDI (201403320) Task: What is the role of skills and competencies for today s professional manager in making a positive difference to their career? A person who holds a management position inside an organization is required to think strategically and conceptually in order to achieve goals of organization. The five functions of management are planning, staffing, organizing, coordinating and controlling. Effective management and leadershipRead MoreComputer Technology And Its Social, Moral, And Ethical Implications For Teachers964 Words   |  4 Pagestoday’s quest, you will employ your performance character skills to survey a current application for digital technology and its social, moral, and ethical implications for teachers. You will begin in the Introduction Level where you will read an explanation of the technology application and how it relates to ethical concerns for teachers. You will proceed through two additional levels prior to reaching your ultimate destination, The Conclusion, where you will collect your experience points (xp). CollectRead MoreAcademic Vocabulary And Its Importance For Ell Students800 Words à ‚  |  4 PagesVocabulary. First it talks about how academic vocabulary is harder to learn then conversational language (Sibold, 24). Next the article dives into the importance of academic vocabulary to ELL’s. It was said that many studies show low academic language skills reflect low academic performance (Sibold, 24). This tells us that ELL students are already at a disadvantage because of there academic vocabulary. Table 1 shows us that there are three stages for incorporating relevant vocabulary. The three stagesRead MoreI Am A Master Of Social Work Degree1537 Words   |  7 Pages I regularly reminisce about my grandmother singing, row your boat gently down the stream, merrily, life is but a dream. This nursery rhyme is a significant part of one of my earliest memories and as an adult has developed a new meaning for me. My decision to apply for graduate school to pursue a Master of Social Work degree is one more destination in the stream of my life. Following the culmination of my undergraduate studies, I was recruited into the Children’s Corps and received training forRead MoreTeam Effectiveness1311 Words   |  6 Pagesteam building. Formal and informal social networks are significant mechanisms for both innovation and change management. Social networking concepts combined with a group of new and powerful interactive technologies, known collectively as peer-to-peer (P2P) computing, have the potential to profoundly change how companies work and deliver value. More and more social media experts are likely to take over or overturn many organizational practices in time. Social media tie into organizational and corporateRead MoreIndividual Success and Importance of EI and CI1587 Words   |  7 Pagesability to manage oneself and social relationships in mature and constructive ways. CI is another form of intelligence that represents the experience of common intelligence at work like memory, analytical skills, vocabulary, academic success and multilingual skills (Schaie, 2001). It has been acknowledged that CI is important for achieving task goals that need individual wisdom, whereas emotional intelligence is a more relevant criterion for effectiveness where social interaction and leadership areRead MoreGoal : Create A Review Of Visme.co1460 Words   |  6 PagesGoal: Create a Review of Visme.co Total Words in this Document: Title: Content may be king, but there are times when your infographics and presentations may leave you feeling like the court jester. Creating pieces that your audience will not only appreciate but will drive them to take action has typically felt like an exercise that needed years of education and experience. To help companies of all sizes reach their goals, several businesses have created platforms that put compelling, eye-catching

Emerging Human Resource Management (EHRM) Financial Analysis

Questions: Task 1: You have been appointed as the financial advisor of Best City Hotel plc and you are required to advise management of the hotel on sources of finance to fund the additional rooms require. A. Identify the appropriate sources of finance available for the business for its operations and assess the implication of different sources. B. Evaluate the appropriate sources of finance for the expansion plan of the above hotel. you will have applied an effective approach to study and research the various source of finance for the expansion project. Task 2: Management of The City Hotel plc is unsure about the capital structure of the company and asks for your advice about the cost of financing the expansion. A. Analyse the cost of funding the project using equity versus debt finance and recommend your choice. B. Explain the importance of financial planning and assess the information needs for financial decision making and explain the impact of finance on the financial statement. you will discuss the cost of debt and equity as funding sources and apply effective judgement to recommend your choice Task 3: Investment decisions are the most important decisions that a company makes. They commit a substantial amount of money to decisions which are likely to have a large impact as a company's apparatus over a long period of time. A. Discuss the importance budgeting and analyse the budgets for variation and make appropriate decisions for the City Hotel. B. Explain how you would calculate unit cost and make pricing decisions based on appropriate information at the City Hotel. C. Assess the viability of the hotel expansion project using investment appraisal techniques. Task 4: When nearing the end of a companys financial year, there are a number of procedures that need to be performed to ensure that the businesss finances are in order. Across all industries, the financial health of a company is measured against three major financial statements: Income Statements, Statement of Cash Flows and the Statement of Financial Position. A. Discuss the above mentioned financial statements of The City Hotel or any other relevant company. B. Select two different types of companies (one could be the City Hotel) and compare the formats of financial statements. C. Interpret the financial statements using appropriate ratios of a public limited company and compare with another. you will have provided an appropriate structure of the financial statements. Answer: Introduction: Finance is, considered as the science and art of managing money. Exact concept of the business finance is the key ingredient for business development. In the world of economics, finance may be, defined as the lifeblood of business. Big as well as small business demands finance for fulfilling their requirements to improve appropriate sources of finance and their implication. Task 1 A. Nature or the kind of business determines which kind of strategies should be applied for raising the finance of business. Here some of the possible sources of the finance is being discussed (Drucker and Bruckenstein, 2013). Source: Classification of sources and funds The larger organisations have the wider ability of using variety of financial resources than the smaller one. A much reputed companies most of the time have uncountable share holders. A smaller business has to take the financial support from savings, friends and families. A business may get the needed financial support by taking loans provide by the banks or from any another financial organisation. Before applying for the loan the lender of the finance must be aware with all the risks and opportunities related with the loan. Another way of raising the finance may be provided by the over draft facility (Field, 2012). By meeting some the certain business conditions one can be eligible for getting private and government funds. Beside all the knowledge of the possible sources business management requires exact application of that knowledge. Perfect implication of the resources leads a business to its best possible improvement. For attaining a huge profit trough the capital which is avail able, it is important and significant to plan the finance exactly in the way it is needed. Growth, innovation and interconnections is made stronger by financial institutions (Goodman, 2002). Relations between the institution and the money leader also affects in the growth of the business. Thus, realisation and understanding of indirect and direct financial methodical linkages is important. B Launching of a new business or the expansion of a business faces the same kind of challenge. It is difficult for the entrepreneurs to find the outside resources of financing. Most of the banks reject to provide loan s to the start-ups. Nowadays private investors have also grown very much cautious about giving loans to the newly developed companies. So it has become difficult for the start ups to have the required capital for the initial growth. Choosing the right form of capital and ownership and the right source of capital is equally important. Application of exact decision while evaluating the financial resources will affect the company for lifetime. (Sutton, 2007) That is why before committing to a specific funding source the entrepreneurs must consider their option attentively. Homework is must for the entrepreneurs before choosing the right source of finance for the company .Entrepreneurs must understand which source is the best for the different phase of the company. They have to find the way of attracting the attention of the investors, so that they can get the option of choosing the sources .Before producing the business plan before the investors, entrepreneurs must get prepared perfectly. Producing the idea of the business convincingly is also very important. Rising of funds needs a lot of skill (Sutton, 2007). With the lack of fund no company can succeed. Finance is the most important ingredient in the growth of the company, so various sources of funds must be available for the company. Undertaking the growth of expansion, purchasing permanent assets, running of the daily operations is impossible without the support of finance. As a result, the appropriate financial sources for the expansion of the hotel are too much important. TASK 2 A Analysis of the cost of funding for the expansion of the hotel is very crucial. The Cost of capital which the city hotel have to pay of the raising of the fund is very huge For the expansion of the hotel the business owners have to search for the financial resources which will be fruitful for the business development. The decision relates to the following points: Capital budgeting: cost of capital is crucial for the measurement of the investment of the company. Thus, the decision of the management team should be according to the investing of the capital of city hotel. Financial structure of the corporate: financial structure is significant for the establishing of the business of city hotel, thus the ratios involved in the financial structure should be analysed by the management team of city hotel. Processes of financing: financial resources are very imperative and the financial resources should be, collected from the stakeholders of the company. The owners may utilize a range of financing resources. Recourses can be divided into two sections, i.e. .dept and equity.Dept deals with the borrowing of finance which has to be repaid with interest. On the other hand Equity deals with the borrowing of money from the owner of the company itself. Cost of financing about the detailed structure of the organization is very crucial and the profitability ratios as well as the liability ratios evaluate the desired fact. B Capital expenditures of an organisation are, planned by managers. Financial planning is very important in the field of business management. Both the short and long term business plan needs a perfect business planning otherwise the organisation will collapse. Financial planning involves budgeting of the capital in a large scale. In the part of the business planning managers makes their strategies according to the companys business line (Tracy and Tracy, n.d.). To have an relevant business plan collective thoughts are very essential. In the initial stage of the planning procedure each division of a corporate body must be asked for their alternative business plans. The work of the planners is not only forecasting. Work of a planner is very crucial because the planner not only have to concentrate on the likely events but also on the unlikely events. There are three significant uses of financial planning Forecasting of the sum of amount of finance borrowed externally Setting of appropriate aims for the compensation plans Evaluating the impact of the changes that may occur because of the financial planning. Financial plans deals with three factors The model of planning InputIt is concerned with organisations current financial state and it concentrates on forecasting the future of the organisation. The planning model It deals with the implications of the managers forecasting of new investments, financing and profits. Outputthis part consists of the statements relating to finance, as, balance sheets and income statements. In the financial planning regarding the expansion of the city hotel the planners must concentrate on the upcoming changes that may happen in future. It must be kept in mind that the expansion should gain profit. Otherwise it will be considered as a huge loss. As financial planning is a vital part in the growth of the hotel it must be done efficiently. Task 3 A. Discuss the importance budgeting and analyse the budgets for variation and make appropriatedecisions for the City Hotel. Investment decisions are the most important decisions for the substantial growth of the City Hotel. These decisions are the major decisions which have great impact over the growth of the city Hotel. Budget calculation is important for the Hotel to know the outgoing expenses and the incoming revenues of the hotel. An effective budget will provide framework for making efficient decision making (Greenfield). Hotel budget making helps the managers choosing multiple projects. Budget helps the management to allocate funds to the projects. Budget are the communication tools which informs the board and the staff regarding the financial goals of the year. It helps the hotel to prevent from the financial loses and reduced the extra spending. Management can maintain the excess expenses in an appropriate manner like funds investment or maintaining capital expenditure. Budget helps the hotel to know the planned spending and actual expenses planning. A planned budget helps the Hotel to achieve the financial goal of the year with relation designated project. Efficient budget helps the hotel to achieve his mission and vision (Hallerberg, Scartascini and Stein) . Budget variation is the difference between planned and actual figures. Budget variance is of two types: positive variance, which means the spending is over budget and the negative variance is the spending is under budget. Variance between the budgeted figure and the actual figure is considered as normal and expected sometimes (Ziesemer). This cane understood by the planned amount on rooms, total amount, expenses and the occupied rooms and the actual amount gained by the hotel. This difference of the budget of actual amount and the planned amount is called the Budget Variance. The difference is shown graphically below. Figure:1 Source:www.Budgetvariation.com Variance analysis of city hotel helps them to make correct strategic decisions to overcome the problems before they reduce profits amount too much. Budget variance helps the hotel whether they will charge high rates or not, to find a affordable supplier, controlling labor costs and improving the occupancy rates. B. Explain how you would calculate unit cost and make pricing decisions based on appropriateinformation at the City Hotel Cost per unit is calculated when an organization produces a large number of identical products (Horngren, Datar and Rajan). It is derived from the fixed costs and the variable costs by the production process divided by the units produced. Cost per unit of the city hotel can be calculated by the following by the following formula (Total fixed costs + Total variable costs) / Total units produced Cost per unit decline as the number of the units produced increases. This occurs as the total fixed costs will spread over the large number of units. Cost per unit is not constant. City hotel has total variable costs of $50,000 and the total fixed cost of $30,000 in june and producing 10,000 widgets. The cost per unit is: ($30,000 Fixed costs + $50,000 variable costs) / 10,000 units = $8 cost per unit City hotel produces 5,000 units at a variable cost of $25,000 and the fixed cost o $25,000 for the following month. The cost per unit: $30,000 Fixed costs + $25,000 variable costs) / 5,000 units = $11/unit. The two factors that has been considered when the price of the city hotel has been decided are the competitive pricing and the available supply. City hotel should consider the internal factor and the external factor for the price decisions (Manos). The key internal factors that are considered for the pricing decisions of the city hotels are the marketing objectives. Product strategy will help in establishing the price of the good and the service. City hotel should cut down their room rates comparing their competitors. Dropping the rates of the rooms of the hotel, its occupancy will rise and there will be low loss. Pricing of the product of the city hotel should be based on the distribution, design and the promotion (Waier and Chiang). Management should decide the city hotel pricing on the basis of set pricing and the occupancy. The key external factors for pricing decisions are the cross selling. City hotel should sell additional products such as foods, beverages and different kind o f extra services. The other technique city hotel is upselling. It includes training the employees of the hotel with the sale and reservation for more expensive product instead of selling cheaper product. Discount should be given on the seasonal basis. City hotel should set price on market skimming. Charge maximum at the Easter time or the time when accommodation is very high. C. Assess the viability of the hotel expansion project using investment appraisal techniques. Investment Appraisal is the technique which assesses the level of the expected return earned from the level of the expenditure made and decides the future costs and benefits over the hotel expansion project (Langdon) .The three techniques which are used for hotel valuation are the market comparison technique, cost technique and the income technique. Market approach technique is based on the comparison of the sales data and the difference of the competitors. as two sites are not comparable So it is not proper technique to be used for the city hotel valuation. Cost technique is another technique. Here the technique is used to assume the cost of the hotel to rebuild (Pettinger). The account for the loss in the property value is calculated by the straight-line or the breakdown. The total depreciation is deducted from the rebuild costs. The land value is added with the depreciated value of the hotel plus the extra charges for building the rooms. But this technique is inaccurate and subjec tive. So the technique used for the city hotel valuation is the income approach technique. This method considers the present value of future hotel cash flow. The technique includes the city hotel capitalization process and the discount cash flows analysis. This method focuses on the city hotel annual hotel earnings and not concludes the beneficial or bad scenarios. Task 4 A. Financial statements are the desired records of all the financial activities of the organization throughout the year. The three different types of the financial statements relating to city hotel are: 1. Income Statements: Income statement commonly known as profit and the loss statement, evaluates the financial performance of the company relating to net profit as well as loss suffered by the company (Bhatia, 2008). There are two of the main elements within the financial statements: Income: This section includes the net profit of city hotel over the definite period. Expense: The total cost include for the execution of the business of city hotel. The calculation of the net profit is, done by subtracting the desired expenses from the total income of the city hotel (Bragg, 2007). 2. Statement of Cash Flows: The cash movement and the balances in the bank retaining over a period are included in the cash flow statement (Choudhry, 2004). There are a few segments in the cash flow are classified: Operating activities: The cash flow that are included in the primary or th4e main activities of the city hotel are, known as the operating activities(Gramlich, 2007). Investing activities: It includes the purchasing or the selling of the assets that are included within the cash flow statements(McCarthy et al., 2012). Financing activities: The amount of the cash flow spent or generated on the increase of the share capital including the respective payments of the interest. 3. Statement of Financial Position: in other words the statements of the financial position are, called the balance sheet, which represents finanacial position of city hotel within the given date. It is mainly composed of the three basic elements: Assets: This section includes that the things that are own as well as controlled by the city hotel(Newman, 1970). Liabilities: This section includes the owing of the business to someone else(Polakow, 2004). Equity: This represents the value of the business to the owner. This includes the capital within the business after the use of the assets to pay the pending liabilities(Rosen, 2005). B. The financial statement of city hotel and city motors is different from one another. There are some of the valuable parameters, which help to evaluate the perfect comparison between the two companies. They are: Financial ratios: The ratio of numeric outcome to financial data collected from the analysis of the two companies concerned(Rowse and Garrett, 2012). The data given by the balance sheet as well as the income statement are the two crucial parameters that analyses the financial statement between the two companies. Total debt and equity ratio: The percentage of the creditors funding for the total invest from the shareholder(Seidman, 1938). Profitability ratio: This ratio helps to evaluate the performance of city hotel as well as the city motors. Balance sheet classifies the desired methods related to assets and liabilities. The performance is executed with the help of: By term By nature Format of income statement have two of the important parameters for comparing the different financial statements of city hotel and city motors. They are: By nature By function Revenue, net income and profit margin are very important faetures for the evaluating the financial statement of the two concerned companies. There should be complete analysis of the gross profit of the company throughout the year. These are some of the vital points, that helps to compare the format of the financial statements. Thus, the financial statements of the two of the companies will help to evaluate the profit or the loss suffered by the company. This data will help to analyse which company is better in terms of financial statement (Thornhill, 1995). The most crucial role is of the balance sheet which evaluates the fact that related to the marginal profit of the company. C. Revenue services, gross profit, depreciation, internal expenses as well as usual expenses are some of the relevant and important features of the financial statements that evaluate the fact of the public limited company. Source: Elements of profit with loss account Structure for profit and loss of the organization is as follows: Interest on loans received Rents related to the property Fees The total expenses within the business of a public limited company include: Process of the goods that are purchased for selling inn the market Prices for the manufacturing of the goods Costs included with the transportation and the distribution system Advertising Promotion The above-mentioned diagram evaluates the fact related to the formation of the structure of the financial statements of the public limited company. Cost of the sales of the product helps to evaluate the fact that the financial structure depends on the fact that the productivity should be, increased as it increases profitability for the public limited company, which is very important to enhance the growth of the business. Limited liability is one of the crucial features that shareholder liability evaluates looses of the company which has a limited contribution to their share (Tracy and Tracy, n.d.). The minimum shareholders in a public limited company are seven and it involves the sharing of the capital between the respective shareholders. Financial privacy is one of the crucial factors that evaluate the business of the public limited company. Capital is the important factor, which is, shared between the different types of the shareholders of the public limited company (Weygandt, 2009 ). Financial ratios, Profitability ratio and Total debt and equity ratio these are, some of the important ratios, which help to provide proper structure for the financial statements. Thus, the financial statements are very crucial to collect the information about the performance of the company and in this particular case about the city hotel. The balance evaluates the perfect profit or loss of the organization throughout the year (Wolf, 2008). References Bhatia, S. (2008).Emerging human resource management (HRM). New Delhi: Deep Deep Pub. Pvt. Ltd. Bragg, S. (2007).Financial analysis. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Choudhry, M. (2004).Advanced fixed income analysis. Amsterdam: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Gramlich, E. (2007).Subprime mortgages. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press. McCarthy, J., Shelmon, N., Mattie, J. and Gross, M. (2012).Financial and accounting guide for not-for-profit organizations. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Newman, J. (1970).U.S. News World Report's book on income taxes. Washington: Books by U.S. News World Report. Polakow, V. (2004).Shut out. Albany: State University of New York Press. Rosen, H. (2005).Public finance. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Rowse, D. and Garrett, C. (2012).ProBlogger. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons. Seidman, J. (1938).Seidman's legislative history of federal income tax laws, 1938-1861. New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Sloane, L. (1992).The New York Times book of personal finance. New York: Times Books. Thornhill, W. (1995).Forensic accounting. Burr Ridge, Ill.: Irwin Professional Pub. Tracy, J. and Tracy, T. (n.d.).How to read a financial report. Weygandt, J. (2009).Hospitality financial accounting. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Wolf, M. (2008).Fixing global finance. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. Greenfield, Victoria A.The Role Of The Office Of Homeland Security In The Federal Budget Process. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 2002. Print. Hallerberg, Mark, Carlos G Scartascini, and Ernesto Stein.Who Decides The Budget?. [Washington, DC?]: Inter-American Development Bank, 2009. Print. Horngren, Charles T, Srikant M Datar, and Madhav V Rajan.Cost Accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2012. Print. Langdon, Ken.Investment Appraisal. Oxford, England: Capstone Pub., 2002. Print. Manos, Karen L.Government Contract Costs Pricing. [Eagan, Minn.]: West, 2009. Print. Pettinger, Richard.Investment Appraisal. New York, N.Y.: St. Martin's Press, 2000. Print. Waier, Phillip R, and John Chiang.Unit Price Estimating Methods. Kingston: R. S. Means Company, Incorporated, 2007. Print. Ziesemer, Thomas.How To Cure The Trade Balance?. Maastricht: MERIT, Maastricht Economic Research Institute on Innovation and Technology, 2005. Print.

The Weirdest College Essay Prompts Ever

Supplemental essays are often the most personal parts of college applications. Your essay lets you reveal aspects of your life and character that just dont come across elsewhere. In some cases, though, the essay questions are so strange that they might seem more like puzzles than prompts. Take the following examples. 1. Tufts University Kermit the Frog famously lamented, Its not easy being green. Do you agree? Tufts University frequently supplies eclectic essay prompts, and this is obviously one of them. After all, it quotes someone whos made of felt. Nevertheless, its philosophical. It challenges students to define the existential condition green in their own way. No doubt many respondents will highlight a quirk that makes them distinct. It could be something physical like being tall, or it could be a personality feature like curiosity. Either way, applicants must decide whether that quality has caused them difficulties. Check out our database of successful Tufts profilesfor more inspiration! 2. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill What do you hope to find over the rainbow? This UNC prompt is also framed through the lens of popular culture. It references a song from the classic movie The Wizard of Oz. Its asking students what they want their futures to hold once they cross a certain threshold. Again, applicants must define their own terms. What is that threshold, the rainbow, that they must pass? Is it school? Is it the search for a true calling? These questions would probably keep the Scarecrow up at night. Here are UNC Chapel Hill essay examples! 3. University of Chicago What is square one, and can you actually go back to it? When it comes to asking offbeat essay questions, the University of Chicago is Americas reigning champ. This one takes a familiar idiom ― back to square one ― and squeezes out its metaphysical implications. When people find themselves on the wrong path in life, to what extent can they go back and fix the problem? Can you really make amends with other people? Is there a point of no return in terms of decision-making? Take a look at some UChicago success stories. 4. Wake Forest University Give us your top ten list. This request must inspire many different kinds of responses. Many students probably submit earnest lists of heroes, career objectives or the struggles theyve overcome. No doubt others offer humor, perhaps naming their most embarrassing moments or favorite dance moves. Some brave soul might provide ten reasons he or she hates top ten lists. Would you be sincere or irreverent with your list? See what others did in their Wake Forest application! 5. University of Richmond Tell us about spiders. Heres another question thats wide open to interpretation. It also gives applicants the chance to display their unique sensibilities. You could opt for biological descriptions, an examination of how spiders have been perceived throughout history, an autobiographical story about childhood arachnophobia, an amusing look at the world from a spiders point of view or something else entirely. You have to wonder, though, how many admissions officers get the willies reading these essays. Heres a list of Richmond profiles to help you. 6. Brandeis University If you could choose to be raised by robots, dinosaurs or aliens, who would you pick? Why? Given the absurdity of its three choices, this question seems designed to test creativity and reasoning skills. How do you construct a logical argument from an illogical premise? How do you advocate for an idea thats appalling? On the other hand, maybe some people like the notion of robots changing diapers or aliens singing lullabies. Check out Brandeis University profiles! Unusual college application essays certainly arent for everyone. Many students prefer standard queries about inspiring books or extracurricular activities. However, if you have an urge to show off your imagination and unique writing style, you might start hunting for an essay question as bizarre as those above. Which essay prompt has you scratching your heads? Let us know what other strange ones youve encountered this application season! If you still need some inspiration, check out ’s database of 60,000+ successfulcollege application files.

Animal Testing Essays - Animal Welfare, Medical Research

Animal Testing Essays - Animal Welfare, Medical Research Animal Testing Please Read This Warning Before You Use This Essay for Anything (It Might Save Your Life) Animal Testing Using animals for testing is wrong and should be banned. They have rights just as we do. Twenty-four hours a day humans are using defenseless animals for cruel and most often useless tests. The animals have no way of fighting back. This is why there should be new laws to protect them. These legislations also need to be enforced more regularly. Too many criminals get away with murder. Although most labs are run by private companies, often experiments are conducted by public organizations. The US government, Army and Air force in particular, has designed and carried out many animal experiments. The purposed experiments were engineered so that many animals would suffer and die without any certainty that this suffering and death would save a single life, or benefit humans in anyway at all; but the same can be said for tens of thousands of other experiments performed in the US each year. Limiting it to just experiments done on beagles, the following might sock most people: For instance, at the Lovelace Foundation, Albuquerque, New Mexico, experimenters forced sixty-four beagles to inhale radioactive Strontium 90 as part of a larger ^Fission Product Inhalation Program^ which began in 1961 and has been paid for by the US Atomic Energy Commission. In this experiment Twenty-five of the dogs eventually died. One of the deaths occurred during an epileptic seizure; another from a brain hemorrhage. Other dogs, before death, became feverish and anemic, lost their appetites, and had hemorrhages. The experimenters in their published report, compared their results with that of other experiments conducted at the University of Utah and the Argonne National Laboratory in which beagles were injected with Strontium 90. They concluded that the dose needed to produce ^early death^ in fifty percent of the sample group differed from test to test because the dogs injected with Strontium 90 retain more of the radioactive substance than dogs forced to inhale it. Also, at the University of Rochester School Of Medicine a group of experimenters put fifty beagles in wooden boxes and irradiated them with different levels of radiation by x-rays. Twenty-one of the dogs died within the first two weeks. The experimenters determined the dose at which fifty percent of the animals will die with ninety-five percent confidence. The irritated dogs vomited, had diarrhea, and lost their appetites. Later, they hemorrhaged from the mouth, nose, and eyes. In their report, the experimenters compared their experiment to others of the same nature that each used around seven hundred dogs. The experimenters said that the injuries produced in their own experiment were ^Typical of those described for the dog^ (Singer 30). Similarly, experimenters for the US Food and Drug Administration gave thirty beagles and thirty pigs large amounts of Methoxychlor (a pesticide) in their food, seven days a week for six months, ^In order to insure tissue damage^ (30). Within eight weeks, eleven dogs exhibited signs of ^abnormal behavior^ including nervousness, salivation, muscle spasms, and convolutions. Dogs in convultions breathed as rapidly as two hundred times a minute before they passed out from lack of oxygen. Upon recovery from an episode of convulsions and collapse, the dogs were uncoordinated, apparently blind, and any stimulus such as dropping a feeding pan, squirting water, or touching the animals initiated another convulsion. After further experimentation on an additional twenty beagles, the experimenters concluded that massive daily doses of Methoxychlor produce different effects in dogs from those produced in pigs. These three examples should be enough to show that the Air force beagle experiments were in no way exceptional. Note that all of these experiments, according to the experimenters^ own reports, obviously caused the animals to suffer considerably before dying. No steps were taken to prevent this suffering, even when it was clear that the radiation or poison had made the animals extremely sick. Also, these experiments are parts of series of similar experiments, repeated with only minor variations, that are being carried out all over the country. These experiments Do Not save human lives or improve them in any way. It was already known that Strontium 90 is unhealthy before the beagles died; and the experimenters who poisoned dogs and pigs with Methoxychlor knew beforehand that the large amounts they were feeding the animals (amounts no human could ever consume) would cause damage. In any case, as the differing results they obtained on pigs and dogs make it clear, it is not possible to reach any firm conclusion about the effects of a substance on humans from tests on

Homosexuality in Ancient Rome

Homosexuality in Ancient Rome Although sexual practices are often left out of discussions of history, the fact remains that homosexuality in ancient Rome did exist. However, its not quite as cut and dried as a question of gay versus straight. Instead, its a much more complex cultural perspective, in which the approval- or disapproval- of sexual activity was based upon the social status of the people performing various acts. Did You Know? The ancient Romans didnt have a word for homosexual. Instead, they based their terminology upon the role that the participants played.Because Roman society was so patriarchal, those who took on a submissive role were seen as feminine, and thus looked down upon.Although there is little documentation of female same-sex relationships in Rome, scholars have discovered love spells and letters written from one woman to another. The Roman Patriarchal Society Bettmann Archive / Getty Images The society of ancient Rome was extremely patriarchal. For men, the determination of masculinity was directly tied to how one displayed the Roman concept of virtus. This was one of several ideals that all freeborn Romans tried to follow. Virtus was partly about virtue, but also about self-discipline and the ability to govern oneself and others. To take that a step further, the active role of imperialism and conquest found in ancient Rome was often discussed in terms of sexual metaphor. Because masculinity was predicated on ones ability to conquer, homosexual activity was viewed in terms of domination. A man taking on the perceived dominant, or penetrative, role would fall under far less public scrutiny than a man who was being penetrated, or submissive; to the Romans, the action of being conquered implied that a man was weak and willing to give up his liberty as a free citizen. It also brought into question his sexual integrity as a whole. Elizabeth Cytko writes, Bodily autonomy was one of the regulatory norms of sex which helped define one’s status within society... an elite Roman male demonstrated his status because he was not allowed to be beaten, or penetrated. Interestingly, the Romans didnt have specific words that meant homosexual or heterosexual. It wasnt gender that determined whether a sexual partner was acceptable, but their social status. The Roman censors were a committee of officials who determined where in the social hierarchy someones family belonged, and occasionally removed individuals from the upper ranks of society for sexual misconduct; again, this was based on status rather than gender. In general, same-sex relationships among partners of the appropriate social status were considered normal and acceptable. Freeborn Roman men were permitted, and even expected, to be interested in sex with partners of both genders. Even once married, a Roman man might continue to maintain relationships with partners other than his spouse. However, it was understood that he was only to have sex with prostitutes, slaves, or people who were considered infamia. This was a lower social status assigned by the censors to individuals whose legal and social standing had been formally reduced or removed. This group also included entertainers such as gladiators and actors. An infamis could not provide testimony in legal proceedings, and could be subjected to the same sorts of corporal punishments usually reserved for slaves. Ancient history expert N.S. Gill points out that Instead of todays gender orientation, ancient Roman... sexuality can be dichotomized as passive and active. The socially preferred behavior of a male was active; the passive part aligned with the female. While a free Roman man was permitted to have sex with slaves, prostitutes, and infames, it was only acceptable if he took the dominant, or penetrative role. He was not allowed to have sex with other freeborn Roman men, or the wives or children of other free men. In addition, he couldnt have sex with another mans slave; this is because slaves were property, and sex with someone elses slave required the owners explicit permission. Although not extensively documented, there were homosexual romantic relationships between Roman men. Most scholars agree that same sex relationships between men of the same class existed; however, because there were so many rigid social constructs applied to such relationship, they were kept private. While same-sex marriage was not legally permitted, there are writings that indicate some men did participate in public marriage ceremonies with other men; the emperor Nero did this at least twice, as did the emperor  Elagabalus. In addition, at one point during his ongoing dispute with Mark Antony, Cicero attempted to discredit his opponent by claiming Antony had been given a stola by another man; the stola was the traditional garment worn by married women. Homosexual Relationships in Roman Women UIG via Getty Images / Getty Images There is little information available about same-sex relationships between Roman women. Although they probably happened, the Romans didnt write about it, because to them, sex involved penetration. Its likely that the Romans didnt consider sexual acts between women to actually be sex, unlike the penetrative activities between two men. Interestingly, among Roman women there are a number of sources that indicate not sexual activity but romance. Bernadette Brooten writes in Love Between Women of love spells commissioned by women to attract other women. Scholars agree that these spells provide written evidence that women from the time period were interested in romantic attachments with other women, and that they were comfortable expressing their desires. Brooten says: [The spells] do not reveal the internal dynamics of these womens relationships. Nevertheless, the spells do ... raise intriguing, although ultimately unanswerable, questions about the nature of womens erotic desires. Gender-Bending Deities LordRunar / Getty Images As in other ancient cultures, Roman deities were reflection of the social and cultural mores of the realm of men, and vice versa. Like their neighbors in Greece, Roman mythology does include instances of same-sex relationships between the gods, or between gods and mortal men. The Roman Cupid was often seen as a patron deity of passionate love between two men, and for a long time was associated with male/male lust. The word  erotic  comes from the name of Cupids Greek counterpart, Eros. The goddess Venus was honored by some women as a goddess of female-to-female love. The Greek poet Sappho of Lesbos wrote about her in her guise as Aphrodite. The virgin goddess Diana preferred the company of women, according to legend; she and her companions hunted in the woods, danced with each other, and swore of men completely. In one legend, the god Jupiter presented himself as the princess Callisto, and seduced Diana while in disguise. When King Minos pursued a nymph named Britomaris, she escaped him by jumping into the ocean. Diana rescued Britomaris from the sea, and fell in love with her. Jupiter, much like the Greek Zeus, was the king of all the gods, and regularly had flings with mortals of both genders. He changed his appearance frequently, sometimes appearing male and other times female. In one myth, he fell in love with the beautiful youth Ganymede, and stole him away to Olympus to be his cup-bearer. Sources Brooten, Bernadette J.  Love between Women: Early Christian Responses to Female Homoeroticism. University of Chicago Press, 1998.Cytko, Elizabeth.  Of Androgynes and Men: Gender Fluidity in Republican Rome ...University of Alberta, 2017, https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/71cf0e15-5a9b-4256-a37c-085e1c4b6777/view/7c4fe250-eae8-408d-a8e3-858a6070c194/Cytko_Elizabeth_VJ_201705_MA.pdf.Hubbard, Thomas K.  Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: A Sourcebook of Basic Documents. 1st ed., University of California Press, 2003.  JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pp7g1.Schrader, Kyle W.  Virtus in the Roman World: Generality, Specificity, and ...The Gettysburg Historical Journal, 2016, cupola.gettysburg.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article1154contextghj.

Homosexuality in Ancient Rome

Homosexuality in Ancient Rome Although sexual practices are often left out of discussions of history, the fact remains that homosexuality in ancient Rome did exist. However, its not quite as cut and dried as a question of gay versus straight. Instead, its a much more complex cultural perspective, in which the approval- or disapproval- of sexual activity was based upon the social status of the people performing various acts. Did You Know? The ancient Romans didnt have a word for homosexual. Instead, they based their terminology upon the role that the participants played.Because Roman society was so patriarchal, those who took on a submissive role were seen as feminine, and thus looked down upon.Although there is little documentation of female same-sex relationships in Rome, scholars have discovered love spells and letters written from one woman to another. The Roman Patriarchal Society Bettmann Archive / Getty Images The society of ancient Rome was extremely patriarchal. For men, the determination of masculinity was directly tied to how one displayed the Roman concept of virtus. This was one of several ideals that all freeborn Romans tried to follow. Virtus was partly about virtue, but also about self-discipline and the ability to govern oneself and others. To take that a step further, the active role of imperialism and conquest found in ancient Rome was often discussed in terms of sexual metaphor. Because masculinity was predicated on ones ability to conquer, homosexual activity was viewed in terms of domination. A man taking on the perceived dominant, or penetrative, role would fall under far less public scrutiny than a man who was being penetrated, or submissive; to the Romans, the action of being conquered implied that a man was weak and willing to give up his liberty as a free citizen. It also brought into question his sexual integrity as a whole. Elizabeth Cytko writes, Bodily autonomy was one of the regulatory norms of sex which helped define one’s status within society... an elite Roman male demonstrated his status because he was not allowed to be beaten, or penetrated. Interestingly, the Romans didnt have specific words that meant homosexual or heterosexual. It wasnt gender that determined whether a sexual partner was acceptable, but their social status. The Roman censors were a committee of officials who determined where in the social hierarchy someones family belonged, and occasionally removed individuals from the upper ranks of society for sexual misconduct; again, this was based on status rather than gender. In general, same-sex relationships among partners of the appropriate social status were considered normal and acceptable. Freeborn Roman men were permitted, and even expected, to be interested in sex with partners of both genders. Even once married, a Roman man might continue to maintain relationships with partners other than his spouse. However, it was understood that he was only to have sex with prostitutes, slaves, or people who were considered infamia. This was a lower social status assigned by the censors to individuals whose legal and social standing had been formally reduced or removed. This group also included entertainers such as gladiators and actors. An infamis could not provide testimony in legal proceedings, and could be subjected to the same sorts of corporal punishments usually reserved for slaves. Ancient history expert N.S. Gill points out that Instead of todays gender orientation, ancient Roman... sexuality can be dichotomized as passive and active. The socially preferred behavior of a male was active; the passive part aligned with the female. While a free Roman man was permitted to have sex with slaves, prostitutes, and infames, it was only acceptable if he took the dominant, or penetrative role. He was not allowed to have sex with other freeborn Roman men, or the wives or children of other free men. In addition, he couldnt have sex with another mans slave; this is because slaves were property, and sex with someone elses slave required the owners explicit permission. Although not extensively documented, there were homosexual romantic relationships between Roman men. Most scholars agree that same sex relationships between men of the same class existed; however, because there were so many rigid social constructs applied to such relationship, they were kept private. While same-sex marriage was not legally permitted, there are writings that indicate some men did participate in public marriage ceremonies with other men; the emperor Nero did this at least twice, as did the emperor  Elagabalus. In addition, at one point during his ongoing dispute with Mark Antony, Cicero attempted to discredit his opponent by claiming Antony had been given a stola by another man; the stola was the traditional garment worn by married women. Homosexual Relationships in Roman Women UIG via Getty Images / Getty Images There is little information available about same-sex relationships between Roman women. Although they probably happened, the Romans didnt write about it, because to them, sex involved penetration. Its likely that the Romans didnt consider sexual acts between women to actually be sex, unlike the penetrative activities between two men. Interestingly, among Roman women there are a number of sources that indicate not sexual activity but romance. Bernadette Brooten writes in Love Between Women of love spells commissioned by women to attract other women. Scholars agree that these spells provide written evidence that women from the time period were interested in romantic attachments with other women, and that they were comfortable expressing their desires. Brooten says: [The spells] do not reveal the internal dynamics of these womens relationships. Nevertheless, the spells do ... raise intriguing, although ultimately unanswerable, questions about the nature of womens erotic desires. Gender-Bending Deities LordRunar / Getty Images As in other ancient cultures, Roman deities were reflection of the social and cultural mores of the realm of men, and vice versa. Like their neighbors in Greece, Roman mythology does include instances of same-sex relationships between the gods, or between gods and mortal men. The Roman Cupid was often seen as a patron deity of passionate love between two men, and for a long time was associated with male/male lust. The word  erotic  comes from the name of Cupids Greek counterpart, Eros. The goddess Venus was honored by some women as a goddess of female-to-female love. The Greek poet Sappho of Lesbos wrote about her in her guise as Aphrodite. The virgin goddess Diana preferred the company of women, according to legend; she and her companions hunted in the woods, danced with each other, and swore of men completely. In one legend, the god Jupiter presented himself as the princess Callisto, and seduced Diana while in disguise. When King Minos pursued a nymph named Britomaris, she escaped him by jumping into the ocean. Diana rescued Britomaris from the sea, and fell in love with her. Jupiter, much like the Greek Zeus, was the king of all the gods, and regularly had flings with mortals of both genders. He changed his appearance frequently, sometimes appearing male and other times female. In one myth, he fell in love with the beautiful youth Ganymede, and stole him away to Olympus to be his cup-bearer. Sources Brooten, Bernadette J.  Love between Women: Early Christian Responses to Female Homoeroticism. University of Chicago Press, 1998.Cytko, Elizabeth.  Of Androgynes and Men: Gender Fluidity in Republican Rome ...University of Alberta, 2017, https://era.library.ualberta.ca/items/71cf0e15-5a9b-4256-a37c-085e1c4b6777/view/7c4fe250-eae8-408d-a8e3-858a6070c194/Cytko_Elizabeth_VJ_201705_MA.pdf.Hubbard, Thomas K.  Homosexuality in Greece and Rome: A Sourcebook of Basic Documents. 1st ed., University of California Press, 2003.  JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pp7g1.Schrader, Kyle W.  Virtus in the Roman World: Generality, Specificity, and ...The Gettysburg Historical Journal, 2016, cupola.gettysburg.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article1154contextghj.

Risk Measures and Valuation under Interest Rates and Equity Risk Essay

Risk Measures and Valuation under Interest Rates and Equity Risk Factors - Essay Example In order to solve this problem, two vital problems have to be managed: first problem is that the market rates are correlated but they behave randomly and the second problem is that the portfolio structures are high–dimensional and conventionally non-linear. The well-known techniques of risk measurement can be classified into two categories. The first category is the stochastic approach, in which the profit and loss distribution of the portfolio is taken in to consideration. Value-at-Risk (VaR) is the most famous risk measure in this category. VaR conventionally denotes the 1% or 5 % quantile of the profit and loss distribution. The second category includes the Maximum Loss (ML) methodology, in which the risk is estimated with the help of the value of the worst case scenario. ML analyzes a finite set of scenarios to determine the worst case out of them and it does not consider the correlations among the risk factors, such as the stress testing. The Maximum Loss methodology empl oys a very specific choice of feasible domains that are referred as the trust regions. The trust regions determine the correlation structure of the market rates through their shape acquired from the examination of a certain percentage of all future outcomes. This paper first derives the standard assumptions of the financial risk management with the help of the fundamentals of financial calculus. Then, it presents some of the established techniques of risk measurement in a unifying framework along with discussing their basic properties. The paper describes the concept of Maximum Loss towards its end. 1. Introduction to Market Risk Under the intricate and changing set-up of today’s world, it is impracticable to attain stability in relation to mere minor volatility since mature markets are being formed subsequently, with the help of fast global information, which has further escalated competition. Thereby, globalization is encouraged and financial institutions are compelled to a ugment their performance. Hence, the implications of market volatility are now very essential to understand. Market risk, which is also often referred as price risk, specifies the uncertainty created by the market volatility that is defined as the prospects of money loss subject to the variations in the market prices. Although quantitative techniques for examining distinct financial instruments are entrenched, however, more research is still required for measuring risk related to the entire financial portfolios. The supervisory authorities are liable to ascertain that the economic-capital-cushions are held adequately to provide security against any possible unanticipated losses. Hence, the requirements of regulations imposed by the supervisory authorities give rise to the need for risk measurement. The banking sector, until the 1980’s, profoundly stressed upon the credit business. The number of banking failures rose with the increase in competition and the Basle Committee was established for banking supervision, in the year 1988, under the control of the BIS (Bank for International Settlements) in Basle, which published the document called ‘Basle Accord’ that included information on ‘

Corrections Module 6 Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Corrections Module 6 Writing - Essay Example The fourteenth amendment has a statute of incorporation which enforces that all details contained in the bill of rights must be followed by all the states. Moreover, prisoners are provided with equal protection irrespective of the state jurisdictions. Alongside this, there is a clause to ensure the federal government respects and honors all citizens’ legal rights as contained in the bill of rights. The Civil Rights Act of 1871 impacts fairness and equity in lawsuits irrespective of whether one person involved is a minor or a servant of the other. This was meant to protect those who were enslaved from cruel treatment that led to deprivation of human and civil rights, immunities and privileges offered to individuals. This was to be followed irrespective of the race, tribe or religion. Especially the freed slaves were allowed equal and free access to courts of law to claim their rights against civil rights offences inflicted on them. They would file lawsuits like any other person. The hands off doctrine deduced that prison administration should operate on its own without interference or control by outside forces such as the courts and prisoners are further considered as slaves of the state . Once the prisoner is under prison administration, the court has no power over him again unless the eighth amendment is violated. The doctrine of intervention claims for the freedom of religion, need for privacy, safety and communication without forgetting the right to or for due process. Finally the nominal doctrines circulates in between the intervention and hands off doctrines, as far as the court jurisdiction had presided since the eighty’s. In matters regarding prisoners access to courts, they are allowed full access to the since without it they cannot air their grievances which means no lawsuits. Moreover prisoners did not have adequate knowledge on legal affairs thereby their lawsuits did not stand a chance. The courts ruled to assist them by

Nowadays, Food Has Become Easier to Prepare Essay Example for Free

Nowadays, Food Has Become Easier to Prepare Essay Nowadays, Food Has Become Easier to Prepare. Has This Change Improved the Way People Live? Use Specific Reasons and Examples to Support Your Answer. By annicat Man, through the ages, has undergone many changes, from a period when he hunted for his food to the present era when man is dependent on preprocessed foods. During this period not only has man changed his mode of eating but his whole lifestyle as well. In pursuit of more in this competitive world, man no longer has time as he once had. He is caught in a race against the clock. A person who finishes more n lesser time is considered more efficient. This pressure to do more in less time has affected his eating habits as well and, as a result, man no longer has time to cook food. Early mans only objective was to seek food to sustain him and his family. Nowadays finding food has taken a back seat to other priorities, such as career and education. Food is no longer of that importance. This is not an encouraging trend. People are too dependent on preprocessed or precooked food, which no longer has the freshness it once had. Such foods loose their mineral and vitamin content and re not as healthy as fresh food. That is why the number of diseases is also rising. People have also shifted to high calorie content food like French fries, pizzas, and ice cream, etc. , which is causing obesity, fatigue, etc. As man is becoming busy and too involved in his busy schedule, he has no time even to take care of his own personal needs. Furthermore, cooking is an art which is dying out. People once enjoyed cooking . It was a means of eliminating stress and tension. People were once able to relax during this time and reflect on their lives. People may tend to argue that by sing precooked and preprocessed food they are efficiently using time and can use this precious time saved for other purposes. But is it really worth it? This is a question whose answer can invite much speculation about whether by saving this little time we are inviting lots of other problems, which could easily be avoided. It is actually making our lives not simpler but more complicated. We have lost many of the simpler things in our lives, like the simple acts of selecting our evening meal, preparing it, and enjoying it with our loved ones, and we are worse off for it.

One of the Few, One of the Proud Essay -- United States Marine Corps S

One of the Few, One of the Proud To some it may seem â€Å"easy† to become a soldier in the United States Marine Corps. A recruit goes to boot camp, passes, and goes on to save the world and defend the nation, but in fact it is much harder. Boot camp in itself is a test for the body to see its weaknesses and turn them to strengths and to see how long the brain can be mentally alert and ready and when tired can still give a hundred percent. Within boot camp there is the ultimate test that proves whether a recruit is just another person or if they have what it takes to be a Marine. This test is called the Crucible; it is not just the title of a book. Boot camp begins in the recruit’s home state when they sign the papers and a contract to allow the recruit to be shipped to Parris Island, South Carolina. It is eighty-nine days of depending on one’s self and trusting people that would normally be considered strangers. These are teammates and allies. Everyday is spent with them and they will help you succeed or suffer in those eighty-nine days. A recruit accomplishes a goal with his fellow recruits or fails with them. It is never a one-person effort. This is important in the end. During boot camp, each personal receives eight hours of sleep for a sixteen-hour workday. In this time, civilians learn what it takes to become a Marine and know what is expected of them. There is constant movement and training so that there is no free time to sleep or get distracted from the goals (Seymour). Every task and mission asked of a person during boot camp has a purpose. The purpose is to prepare the future soldier for any kind of situation that may take place in the field during a real mission. T... ... USMC - MCRDSD/WRR - Description of Recruit Training. United States Marine Corps. 19 Nov. 2003 <http://www.mcrdsd.usmc.mil/RTR/trainingDS.htm>. Woulfe, James B. Into the Crucible: Making Marines for the 21st Century. New York: Ballantine Books, Inc, 2000. Mission Complete: "The battle of Iwo Island has been won. The United States Marines by their individual and collective courage have conquered a base which is as necessary to us in our continuing forward movement toward final victory as it was vital to the enemy in staving off ultimate defeat. By their victory, the 3d, 4th and 5th Marine Divisions and other units of the 5th Amphibious Corps have made an accounting to their country which only history will be able to value fully. Among the Americans who served on Iwo Island, UNCOMMON VALOR WAS A COMMON VIRTUE." -Admiral Chester W. Nimitz

Disability and Child

CYP3. 7 Understand how to support positive outcomes for children and young people. 1. 1 Social factors †¢ Lack of social/friendship networks. Children need friendships to develop their interaction, emotional understanding, empathy and social skills. Children who lack these networks tend to feel isolated and therefore isolate themselves more. They may suffer insecurities about themselves and be withdrawn and shy. They may struggle to communicate, share and understand the needs and feelings of others. As they grow older the insecurities may lead to self-hatred and self-harm.They will lack people to confide in or go to for advice. They may find themselves drawn into ‘the wrong crowd’ because they seem welcoming, and as a result find themselves manipulated. †¢ Poor parental supervision/neglect. Without guidance children do not learn the correct ways to behave. This will cause them to come into conflict at school because they do not know or understand acceptable bou ndaries. They may be unaware of the dangers they can face in life. They may have a distorted view of their own abilities and may believe that they are allowed to do what they want because they are never prevented.They may believe they are unloved, unimportant and unvalued and as they grow older this could lead to depression and self-harm. The lack of boundaries could result in them becoming involved in crime and anti-social behaviour. Neglect could lead to health problems through malnutrition. They may struggle to form social relationships because of their lack of personal hygiene. Poor clothing could lead to bullying and teasing, causing them to withdraw and become isolated. †¢ Illness/disabilityIf the child suffers from illness or disability they may find they frequently miss school, they may then miss large chunks of their education and struggle to achieve. It may cause them to miss out on activities such as sports, which could leave them feeling isolated. These feelings cou ld develop into anger or resentment and may cause them to have behavioural problems. They may be misjudged as lacking intelligence and therefore not given challenges, leading to boredom and perceived disruptive behaviour. If the child is the carer of a parent suffering illness or disability this can lead to emotional difficulties.The child may struggle to understand the role reversal they are experiencing, viewing themselves as being on a par with adults and more mature than their peers, resulting in them struggling to form friendships. They may become resentful at missing out on their childhood and present challenging behaviour. They may suffer anxiety whilst away from home and worry about their parent, resulting in a failure to engage in their education. They may not fulfil their potential in life as much of it will be dedicated to being a carer. Having a parent with a long term illness or disability could also lead to financial hardship due to lack of employment. Criminal or anti –social behaviour Whether it is behaviour presented by the child, a sibling or parent it could result in the child being taken into care. A parent could be absent for a length of time, if imprisoned, causing emotional stress. The child may perceive the behaviour as normal or acceptable, especially if it is being carried out by the parents and copy it. It may result in a transient lifestyle, as they could be re-housed as a result of anti-social behaviour. This would result in the child suffering a disrupted education and struggling to form long term stable friendships. †¢ AddictionsThe impact of addictions on children can be various. They can suffer health problems, if their mother had a drug or alcohol problem during pregnancy. They may suffer poverty due to lack of employment, or if the addiction is gambling. They may suffer from neglect, abuse or/and violence. If they have younger siblings they may find themselves responsible for their care and therefore may suffer st ress and feel isolated. They may feel scared and find it difficult to speak to people for fear of getting in trouble or going into care. They may ultimately find themselves in care if the addictions result in their parents being unable to care for them.They may become involved in crime to support their family. At school they may be disruptive or withdrawn, have mood swings and outbursts of violence. †¢ Parental separation This can leave a child feeling very insecure and frightened. They may become quiet and withdrawn. They may become very emotional, clingy and tearful or become violent and abusive. They may feel angry, let down and abandoned. Their work and concentration at school may suffer as a result of any stress and worry they may be feeling. They may suffer poverty as a result of a fall in the household income.They may suffer a dramatic change in lifestyle that leaves them confused. Economic and Environmental factors †¢ Poverty This can result from low income, unempl oyment, parental separation, illness or disability, addictions, or criminal activities. Children may suffer malnutrition or a poor diet as a result of their parents being unable to afford quality food. This could result in lack of concentration or poor performance at school. They could also suffer other health related issues. They may be the subject of bullying as a result of their clothing or because they do not have the latest ‘must have’ accessories.They will probably miss out on further education due to the costs involved, or as a result of the need to find employment to help support the family. †¢ Poor housing One of the side effects of poverty is poor housing. People on low income are often dependent on local authority housing. This may result in overcrowding, for example being housed in a bedsit or home with insufficient bedrooms. This means the child has no privacy, or personal space. They may struggle with homework and course work because of the lack of a quiet space in which to complete it.The housing provided may be of a poor quality – suffering damp or be in disrepair. This could have a detrimental effect on the child’s health – causing asthma or frequent colds and coughs. It will probably be in a less desirable area or could be in an area with social disorder problems. This may result in the children becoming isolated, as their parents may be fearful of letting them out to play or they may themselves become involved in anti-social behaviour and criminal activities. †¢ Lack of academic achievement Children whose parents have had a poor education or lack numeracy and literacy skills can struggle at school.Their parents may show little or no interest in their education and as a result they may also lose interest. The parents may not attend school progress meetings so they will have little understanding of their child’s achievements and therefore the child will not receive praise and encouragement to continue. The parents will struggle to support the child in homework and coursework and the child will therefore struggle. This may cause them to get in trouble as a result of uncompleted assignments. They might ‘fail’ in their education, as a result, and struggle to get employment as an adult.Cultural factors †¢ Religious beliefs and customs Children may have to attend a school associated with their religion, and may therefore receive a less balanced education. They may struggle to understand other people’s religion or lifestyle choices, if it goes against what they are taught. This may leave them confused or feeling isolated and struggling to interact with the wider community. They may also experience or witness abuse on the grounds of their religious beliefs and customs, leaving them not only confused and isolated but fearful. †¢ Ethnic and cultural customsChildren may have different forms of attire, causing them to be teased or bullied. Their cultur e may view interaction between men and women in a different way and the children will struggle to recognise what is acceptable at school as it differs to home. This could cause them to come into conflict with school rules or to be perceived as a trouble maker. †¢ Transient lifestyle The child and their family could move around frequently; for example they may come from Gypsy Roma Traveller community. This means their education will be inconsistent and interrupted.They will be unable to form close friendships and lack a support network outside their close family and community. Although dealt with separately, many of these factors are interconnected; unemployment or low income can lead to poor housing. Poor housing can lead to health problems, which can lead to frequent school absences. They will not only affect the child’s present lifestyle and health, but also their future, right through to adulthood. This pattern could then continue into the lives of their children. Wit hout support and intervention, they and their families could find themselves trapped in a cycle of disadvantage. . 2 Poverty is on the agenda of the Every Child Matters framework, with one of the outcomes stating that every child should achieve wealth and economic well-being. This means it is important to ensure that children experiencing poverty have the same opportunities as their peers. Impact of poverty can be: Low income: This can mean that children may not have the same advantages of there more wealthier peers. Poor housing: This could lead to ill health due to unacceptable standards within the home. Ill Health: Not having access to the correct food and warm clothing could affect health.Low academic achievement: This could come due to there not being such an emphasis on the importance to learn or support brackets within the home. Low Self-esteem: Children could have a low self-esteem due to the above factors. 1. 3 In accordance with Article 13 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of a Child, the outcomes of the Governments Every Child Matters framework and the Early Years Foundation Stage, children should be provisioned for by ensuring that children are involved and engaged with, allowing them to be heard, to make decisions, contribute their experiences and be supported and safeguarded throughout their development.Even from an early age, children’s choices, even simple ones, can have an impact on their life chances and outcomes such as choosing which toys to play with at pre-school or which friends to play with, a child may develop a friendship with another child who is perhaps a bit louder and boisterous and may display unwanted behaviour, this choice of friend may have a negative impact on the child's behaviour at home or in other settings they move onto.Whilst the child has the right to choose their friends, it is our responsibility to involve the child in setting expectations of their behaviour and help them to make a positive contri bution, which is one of the outcomes of the ECM framework. Children and young people throughout their lives will make choices such as whether to eat healthily or unhealthily or start smoking or drinking, as any early years setting we ensure that we offer healthy snacks and meals, we involve the children in activities and discussions about the importance of healthy living but there will come a point where they can choose for themselves.If a child/young person chooses to eat unhealthily this will have a negative impact on their wellbeing, they could become overweight, develop diabetes and it could exclude them from taking part in activities, this could continue and have a negative knock on effect throughout their lives perhaps causing them to suffer low self-esteem and become withdrawn from social situations. A child may be raised in an environment where they are allowed to play violent computer games or have families who are in trouble with the police.These experiences could have a n egative impact on the way the child/young person develops and integrates into society, they may choose to act the same way and get in trouble or they may not like what they have experienced and choose not to. 2. 1 All practitioners should be striving to achieve the 5 outcomes of the Every Child Matters framework: †¢ Be Healthy †¢ Stay Safe †¢ Enjoy and Achieve †¢ Make a Positive Contribution †¢ Achieve Economic Wellbeing By following the 4 EYFS themes we can see how they link into the ECM Framework.EYFS Theme Supporting Principles Every Child Matters Unique Child 1. 1 Child Development Make a positive contribution 1. 2 Inclusive Practice Make a positive contribution 1. 3 Keeping Safe Stay Safe 1. 4 Health and Well-being Be Healthy Positive Relationships 2. 1 Respecting Each Other Make a positive contribution 2. 2 Parents as Partners Make a positive contribution 2. 3 Supporting Learning Make a positive contribution 2. 4 Key Person Stay Safe Enabling Environme nts 3. 1 Observation, Assessment and Planning Enjoy and Achieve 3. 2 Supporting Every Child Enjoy and Achieve . 3 The Learning Environment Enjoy and Achieve 3. 4 The Wider Context Make a positive contribution Learning and Development 4. 1 Play and Exploration Enjoy and Achieve 4. 2 Active Learning Enjoy and Achieve 4. 3 Creativity and Critical Thinking Enjoy and Achieve 4. 4 Areas of Learning and Development Enjoy and Achieve Be Healthy – this also includes how our health is affected by our social, mental, emotional and physical well-being. The Government has a focus on healthy living for children. At my setting we provide healthy snacks for the children.We also promote healthy choices, talk about healthy hearts and activities that teach them an active lifestyle. Stay Safe – we ensure children in our care are safeguarded. We have a robust safeguarding policy. Children know they can talk to any member of staff if they do not feel safe and they know they will be listened to. Enjoy and Achieve – we observe children so we understand their needs and can then plan more accurately for individual children. Make a Positive Contribution – we are continually assessing and developing our policies to ensure we are always making positive contributions to children’s development.Achieve Economic Well-being – by ensuring we follow all the EYFS and Every Child Matters we are ensuring all children have the best start in life and can go on into adulthood and achieve economic well-being. 2. 2 Recognising that everyone is unique is a first step for seeing the importance. Each child and young person will have a differing set of needs, requirements and barriers that can prevent them accessing ways of achieving success. It is also important to design services around needs because it makes best use of the money available, it targets the services properly, so doesn't waste time or resources.Putting the child at the centre means, rather than it b eing about adults and what they want, it is actually about what the child NEEDS. Key issues when designing services to meet children and young people’s needs are: Careful preparation Collaboration of different services Ensuring an up-to-date directory of services available Collaboration between services, children, young adults and parents Integrating information from different services Flexibility in working together Managing change effectively Communication and consultationOutreach – enabling access by visiting rural communities and making home visits Understanding the importance of networking between services. 2. 3 When it comes to children's participation it is rare to see involvement of children below the age of 8 years. Yet, very young children have the same rights to participation as any other children and they should be equally involved in matters that affect them. Even a two year old child can be meaningfully involved in decision making. Take the example of a p arent who prepares the clothes for her son to wear that day.It may well be that the boy says, ‘I don't like this, I want to wear that! ‘ The mother could then look at what the boy would like to wear and decide whether the clothes will suit the weather conditions. When they do, she could say, ‘okay, fine, you can wear those clothes instead. ‘ When the weather does not permit to wear the clothes the boy has identified, the mother should explain to her son that the clothes are either too hot/or too thin to wear given the circumstances. She can explain what the implications will be when he would wear the clothes he wants – catching a cold for example.This is a clear and simple example of children's involvement in decision making – in this case with a very young child. It typically happens within the family environment, it is not ‘a big thing' but it may well be important for the child's development. The boy has been given an opportunity to be involved in a decision that affects him, he has been given choices, he has received information that will help him understand the implications of his choice. It also shows how the best interest of the child may play a role in such decisions – i. e. he mother's concern about her son's health in his choice of clothes to wear. 2. 4 To support children/young people to make personal choices and experiences according to age, needs and abilities we as providers must allow them to express their own thoughts, views and opinions and most importantly listen to them. We must also offer constructive and fair advice appropriate to the age and stage of the child i. e. when a child reaches adolescent you would then think about some form of sex education where as you wouldn’t need to do this with children in the early years.To make advice fair you also need to put your own opinions and experiences to side and concentrate on delivering the facts in a positive way so that the child can t hen make positive decisions to do with the matter in hand. We can also aid them in completing activities that will allow them to make decisions and make choices and be there to support throughout process of decisions making and when things may go wrong. Also by providing the right environment we are enabling children to make choices that have a positive impact on their future lives. To provide the right environment we provide: ExplorationExperimentation Problem solving Take risks safely Variety of activities Accessible resources Resources to meet individual interest and needs Language an interaction Welcome to families of all cultures and religions Places to rest and eat An outdoor learning environment that is challenging ad promotes learning. 3. 1 The potential impact of disability on outcomes and life chances of children and young people are that it can affect the person’s ability to perform normal day-to-day activities, but each child I affected differently by their impair ment or condition.If a physical disability it may compromise the child’s healthy development and disrupt their educational experiences and if adults focus on what is ‘wrong’ with a child or young person and what they can’t do, rather than on what they can do and are already achieving, and their potential to develop, learn and progress, then the child’s emotional well-being may be affected by poor self-esteem. Children with learning difficulties or disabilities with emotional or social development may affect children’s all round progress.Families with a disabled child or young person often experience financial difficulties which may restrict children’s opportunities in life – not only that of the disabled child but of their siblings as well. This may result in relationships within families may be destabilised by the stresses of caring for a disabled child. 3. 2 It is important to have positive attitudes towards disability and spe cific requirements as it is possible to avoid or reduce the impact of their impairment so that the person can have opportunities to make choices, develop to their potential, become independent and play a full part in society.Also, if practitioners have positive attitudes about their capacity to provide for disabled children’s requirements, and are ready to learn new skills such as sign language or using the Makaton system (which we use already), then the children have greater opportunities for making developmental progress. 3. 3 Social model of disability – recognises that discrimination against disabled people is created by society, not by disabled people’s impairment’s. It looks at ways to address issues to enable people to achieve their potential, by looking at ways to adapt the environment so the child can feel included this is very important.The social model has been constructed by disabled people and by listening to what disabled people want and to remove any barriers, which may be in their way. By removing barriers and adapting the environment you are allowing children and young people chances to achieve and learn which promotes confidence and self-esteem. Medical model of disability – this treats the person as a sick patient and tends to focus on ‘How can we make this person more normal? By labelling a child because of their disability can prevent us from seeing the child as a whole person like their gender, culture and social background the medical models is a traditional view of disability and that through medical intervention the person can be cured where in fact in most cases there is no cure. They expect disabled people to change to fit into society. By adjusting our environment to suit the needs of the child and appropriate resources and facilities are provided it allows the child to be confident also we focus on what the child can do and not on what they can’t do (social).We don’t think of c hildren, as special needs we think of them as children with specific or additional needs. In my setting we aim to give all children the same opportunities and children are not singled out because they have different needs for example all though some children require 1:1 support we don’t remove them from their peers the child will still work in his or her group but they will get extra support. Low expectations about the potential of a disabled child or being over protective can limit what they achieve.It’s important that we have positive attitudes about what requirements we provide so children can have opportunities for making developmental progress (social). We have one child at our setting that suffers from multiple impairment’s. The child is registered blind but can see vaguely so we do have to make sure that walkways are clear and as she is of adolescent age we have had to purchase foldable tables for her height, for her to eat off (social). I don’t th ink that the medical model of disability impacts on our practice a great deal but I know the child does have medical care for her disability that will never be fully cured (medical). . 4 Different types of support available are * Speech and language therapy- they will usually work in partnership with parents, teachers and support staff and anyone else who has regular contact with the child and provide training and coaching sessions and provide them with ideas and strategies to put into place to help promote the child’s speech. I myself have sat in on a session with a child in our setting when the speech therapist came to have a meeting with a child and she gave us advice sheets on how best to help the child with his speech including picture cards with words on. Support from health professionals’ additional learning support- a child who has a disability like Down syndrome may need extra support in a setting to help them learn. A child with epilepsy is likely to require regular monitoring from health professionals and medication, which needs to be adjusted appropriately. * Assistive technology- these would be anything which will help someone for example wheelchairs, hearing aids, walking frames and for a child who is blind you could use software which reads text from a screen. There are many different aids available for children and adults to help them with everyday tasks. Specialised services – There are many specialized services i. e. special educational needs coordinator, physio therapist, speech therapists, school nurse, social services. These services are available in order to provide the right care for the child. 4. 1 Equality – each individual in society experiences opportunities to achieve and flourish which are as good as the opportunities experienced by other people. Diversity – the differences between individuals and groups in society arising from gender, ethnic origins, social, cultural or religious background, fami ly structure, disabilities, sexuality and appearance.Inclusion – a process of identifying, understanding and breaking down barriers to participation and belonging. The meaning of these in the context of the positive outcomes for children and young people: Being healthy – Equality – each child should have the same opportunity to lead a healthy lifestyle. Diversity – individuals in the society may have different methods of being healthy, i. e. exercise regimes, and dietary requirements. Inclusion – accepting the child’s and families view on how they stay healthy and helping any child to maintain a healthy lifestyle.Stay safe – Equality – each child should feel safe in their surroundings. Diversity – people may of different views on the level of safety. Inclusion – understanding what makes the child feel safe and maintaining that feeling for the child. Enjoying and achieving – Equality – each child shou ld have the same opportunities to enjoy and achieve as others. Diversity – parents or carers may have different views on what they want their children to achieve and/or what they should be enjoying, i. e. stereotyping –boys do boys things and girls do girls things.Inclusion – each child should have the opportunity to enjoy and achieve no matter their stage of development, making sure children who need more guidance and support get it. Make a positive contribution – Equality – every child should have the opportunity to make a positive contribution no matter what type of contribution and how big or small. Diversity – every child’s input will be different. Inclusion – children’s input, no matter how varied should be acknowledged. Achieve economic well-being –Equality – treating each child equal no matter what economic status they come from. Diversity – each child lives a different life, whether it be ec onomic status, health and disabilities, family background, religion etc. Inclusion – no matter what diverse factors affect the child’s life each child should have the opportunity to achieve economic well-being in their own life. 4. 2 Social services – social workers that work with children aim to support children in need of protection as a result of any form of abuse or neglect.Also for children who need additional services in order to reach a reasonable standard of health and development (for example children with disabilities) and for children who need to be provided with care because they cannot live with their own parents. Speech therapists – Speech and Language Therapists ( SLT) work with parents/carers and others to assess if a child has speech and/or language difficulties, communication or eating and drinking difficulties. The therapist will consider the difficulties the child has and the impact these will have on his/her life.If appropriate the th erapist will decide how the child can be helped to reach their full communication potential. OFSTED – Ofsted is the Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills. They report directly to Parliament and are independent and impartial. OFTSED inspect and regulate services which care for children and young people, and those providing education and skills for learners of all ages. OFSTED ensure that we as providers follow the EYFS AND ECM to ensure that children are provided for and are able to develop at a healthy rate.Respite Care – Respite care is the provision of short-term, temporary relief to those who are caring for family members who might otherwise require permanent placement in a facility outside the home. Respite programs provide planned short-term and time-limited breaks for families and other unpaid care givers of children with a developmental delay and adults with an intellectual disability in order to support and maintain the primar y care giving relationship. Respite also provides a positive experience for the person receiving care.